Further, there was a lower likelihood of implicit memory formation for deep sedation cases, compared to general anesthesia (OR:0.10 95%CI:0.01–0.76, p < 0.05) and for patients receiving premedication with benzodiazepines compared to not premedicated patients before general anesthesia (OR:0.35 95%CI:0.13–0.93, p = 0.05). The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status III–IV was associated with a higher likelihood of implicit memory formation (OR:3.48 95%CI:1.18–10.25, p < 0.05) than ASA physical status I–II. For 43 cohorts (36.1%), implicit memory events were reported. We included a total of 61 studies with 3906 patients and 119 different cohorts. The meta-analysis included the estimation of odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We also evaluated the impact of different anesthetic/analgesic regimens and the time point of auditory task delivery on implicit memory formation. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis of studies reporting implicit memory occurrence in adult patients after deep sedation (Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation of 0–1 with spontaneous breathing) or general anesthesia. The impact of general anesthesia in preventing implicit memory formation is not well-established.
Unlike explicit memory, implicit memory is not consciously recalled, and it can affect behavior/performance at a later time.
Amnesia refers to the absence of explicit and implicit memories. General anesthesia should induce unconsciousness and provide amnesia.
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